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Post production technical article 12

Sound to human voice

Whether human voice, singing or the sound of musical instruments, they are not a single sound, but a compound sound. It is composed of the pitch of sound and a series of overtones. These overtones are the digits of the pitch frequency, which is called division in physics, harmonic in electroacoustics and overtone in music. It has a very important influence on the characteristics of timbre. The number and amplitude of these overtones constitute the frequency characteristic curve of timbre. This curve is the embodiment of timbre. For example, the bass frequency of the piano is 27.5hz and the treble frequency is 4186hz, while the piano has more than a dozen overtones, and its high frequency can reach 10khx ~ 20kHz. Generally, 16 overtones or 24 overtones can be measured. These overtones can be divided into low-frequency overtones, intermediate frequency overtones and high-frequency overtones. If the fluctuation of low-frequency overtones is strong, the timbre will be mixed; The fluctuation of intermediate frequency overtones is relatively strong, and the timbre is round and harmonious; The fluctuation of high-frequency overtones is relatively strong, and the timbre is bright, clear and analytical.

The spectrum curve of a timbre is different, which is different from the material structure, state, sound intensity and resonance of the sounder.

What is a good timbre? According to the viewpoint of Italian bel canto, the intensity from pitch to 16 overtones is connected into a straight line in coordinates, which is called Jiamei sound line. Then, the closer the frequency characteristic curve of which timbre is to this straight line, the proportion of low, medium and high frequency overtones of which timbre is also balanced, and the artistic embodiment of its timbre is also good.

In the modification of human voice, the frequency of timbre can be processed through the four segment equalizer in the input channel above the mixer to improve the artistic embodiment of timbre. The four section equalizer in the mixer is divided into four frequency bands. According to the data of the German Berlin Music Institute, they are:

HF: 6-16 kHz, affecting the embodiment and resolution of timbre.

Mid HF: 600Hz ~ 6 kHz, affecting the brightness and clarity of timbre.

Mid HF: 200 ~ 600Hz, affecting timbre, strength and robustness.

LF: 20 ~ 200Hz, affecting the mixing thickness of timbre.

If the frequency of high frequency band is too weak, its timbre will become the loss of color, charm and personality; If the frequency of the high band is too strong, the timbre will become sharp, noisy, hoarse and sharp.

If the frequency of medium and high frequency band is too weak, the timbre will become dim and hazy; If the frequency of the medium and high frequency band is too strong, its timbre will become rigid.

If the frequency of medium and low frequency band is too weak, the timbre will become empty, weak and soft; If the frequency of the medium and low frequency band is too strong, the timbre will become stiff.

If the frequency of the low band is too weak, the timbre will become thin and pale; If the frequency of the low band is too strong, the timbre will become turbid.

To make the timbre beautiful, it is necessary to have rich overtones and layers, so that the singing has sound beauty, the audience sounds pleasant, and the improvement is not easy to be too strong. LF (bass) is excessive and the sound is turbid; HF (high pitch) is excessive and the sound is sharp. After improving a certain frequency band, the impact on other frequency bands shall also be considered, and the clarity of singing shall be considered as a whole.

1. Tuning for ordinary people

There are some singing enthusiasts and amateur singers, and some people are just entertainment, they sing for themselves. During this period, some people have not received basic training, lack singing skills, and even have poor noise and can not use the microphone. During this period, the male voice is prone to throat and hoarseness, and the female voice is prone to breath noise and vocal cord noise.

The following detailed treatment methods are selected for the above phenomena.

(1) cut off the low-frequency noise below 100Hz to make the timbre more pure.

(2) a small amount of attenuation shall be conducted at 500-800hz to make the tone not too stiff.

(3) increase 3-6db in the mid band to enhance the brightness and make the sound clear and bright;

(4) generally, the human voice is low and lacks loudness, so the volume should be turned up; The 200-300hz scale frequency can also be increased to add the loudness of the sound.

The dynamic scale of amateur singers is not large. Do not use automatic volume control. 2. Tuning a singer

Singers have a loud voice. They have a certain level of basic skills in vocal, sigh, enunciation and consensus singing, and everyone has a certain singing style.

Tuning requirements:

(1) understand the singer's timbre characteristics, portal, high, medium and low overtone characteristics;

(2) understand the singer's range width and dynamic scale;

(3) be familiar with the feelings of songs and lyrics, and the fundamental technique of early morning tune should be common with the artistic conception of songs;

(4) pay attention to the style of the song and the singer's singing mood;

(5) the level of microphone should be high: broadband response, small distortion and large dynamic.

Female voice:

The female voice simply produces s sound (HISS) in the high frequency part; It attenuates 3dB at 7-10khz and can S-Tone.

Male voice:

The range of male voice is one octave lower than that of female voice, and the frequency is one octave lower. It is attenuated by about 3dB at 100Hz, which can add clarity.

Article source: Jiangmen recording production http://m.singaporeferragamo.com